By studying high redshift galaxies, we can learn about the evolution of galaxies throughout the history of the Universe.
Galaxy clusters are the largest virialized objects in the Universe and are very sensitive probes of the underlying cosmological framework.
Galaxies provide us with valuable clues on the large scale properties of the Universe in which they are embedded. Equally important, they tell us about the physical processes which are responsible for star formation
During the epoch of reionization the first stars and black holes in the Universe (re-) ionized the Intergalactic Medium. Studying the epoch of reionization will tell us about the first galaxies.
Observations of nearby galaxies and high-redshift quasars suggest that black holes are present in the majority of galaxies. The first quasars harbor already black holes as massive as several billion solar masses.
Black holes are among the most fascinating phenomena thought to exist in the Universe. A black hole is a region of space in which the gravitational field is so powerful that nothing, not even light, can normally escape.
Observations of tiny fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background radiation give powerful constraints on cosmological parameters and theories of the early universe.